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*Animal Husbandry Essay Answer*
OBJ
1-10: DCBACBCACB
11-20: DBDBACADAC
21-30: ADBAADAADC
- 31-40: BCBBAACBCA
1a)
1. Save money on local honey
2. Boost your vegetable garden’s production
3. Save money on beeswax
4. Bee Pollen and Propolis are natural remedies
5. Sheer enjoyment and entertainment
1ai
Benefits:
1. Honey made locally from your own bees. The benefits of honey are many, starting with the fact that it is an excellent natural sweetener full of nutrients including niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Also, it doesn’t spoil, and can be used for a variety of health benefits, such as soothing coughs, boosting memory, treating wounds, potentially preventing low white blood cell count caused by chemotherapy, relieving seasonal allergies, killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria, providing fuel for the body, and resolving scalp problems and dandruff.
2.Wax, a product of bees. You can utilize the wax made in your hive for candles, cosmetics, creams, lipstick, and lip balm.
3.Pollination. Bees can help make your plants healthy as they pollinate, as well as fruit trees in nearby orchards which helps the local economy!
4. Low maintenance. Bees work hard without much effort from you. Once your hive is up and running, it takes about 30 minutes a week for maintenance, and a bit more time for collecting honey up to twice a year.
5.Rewarding experience. Being part of a natural life process in which honeybees pollinate flowers and plants and create beneficial honey is deeply gratifying!
6.Bee conservation. There are many factors that are killing honeybees, and by keeping your own hives you can help conserve bees and protect their habitat.
1aii
1. Buy the Bee
2.choose your hive system
3.gather beekeeping supplies
4.introduce bees to the hive
5.keep your bee healthy and happy
1b)
- Use a hybrid or cross bred female.
-Satisfy the nutritional requirements of the sow both in pregnancy and lactation.
-Bring a healthy sow into the farrowing house.
-Achieve good birth weights.
-Ensure each pig receives maximum colostrum at birth.
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1c)
i)For food production e.g milk and meat
ii)They are used as source of power in the farm.
iii)They serve as source of hides.
iv)They serve as source of income to farmers
v)They provides raw materials for industry.
vi)Their horns are used for decoration.
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(2a)
(Pick three)
(i) Separators Dairy Equipment.
(ii) Homogenizer Dairy Equipment.
(iii) Pasteurizers Dairy Equipment.
(iv) Tanks Dairy Equipment
(2b)
(i) Pour the raw milk into the stainless steel pot.
(ii) Slowly heat the milk to 145 degrees Fahrenheit, stirring occasionally
(iii) Hold the temperature at 145 F for exactly 30 minutes.
(iv) Remove the pot of milk from the heat and place it in a sink or large bowl filled with ice water.
(v) Store pasteurized milk in the refrigerator.
(2ci) Wholesalers:
(i)They purchase product in bulk
(ii)They provide storage facilities
(iii)They provide good transport facilities
(iv)They pass information from retailers to producer and vise versa
(2cii) Retailer:
(i)They make produce readily available to the customers
(ii)They provide jobs for many people
(iii)They pass information from the consumers to the wholesalers
(iv)They give credits to some consumers
(2di) Marketing board:
(Pick three only)
(i)The board provides an organised and ready market for various agricultural commodities
(ii)it helps to stabilise the prices of farm produce
(iii)The board sometimes provides capital to farmers
(iv)it advises and encourage farmers to adopt modern farming techniques
(v)it helps to transport the produce of the farmers
(2dii) co-operative society:
(Pick three only)
(i)They stimulate competition in produce marketing by buying produce in bulk
(ii)They have close contact with producers
(iii)They reduce the inequality of income distribution by selling to members at reduced rate
(iv)They also provide transportation services
(v)They grant loans to members
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3ai)
The life cycle of the head louse has three stages; egg, nymph, and adults, the nymph looks like an adult head louse , but is abt the size of a pinhead, nymphs mature after three molts. (,) kid become adult about 7 days after hatching.
*3ai*)
The life cycle of the head louse has three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.
*Eggs:* Nits are head lice eggs. They are hard to see and are often confused for dandruff or hair spray droplets. Nits are laid by the adult female and are cemented at the base of the hair shaft nearest the scalp The number 1 . They are 0.8 mm by 0.3 mm, oval and usually yellow to white. Nits take about 1 week to hatch (range 6 to 9 days). Viable eggs are usually located within 6 mm of the scalp.
*Nymphs:* The egg hatches to release a nymph The number 2 . The nit shell then becomes a more visible dull yellow and remains attached to the hair shaft. The nymph looks like an adult head louse, but is about the size of a pinhead. Nymphs mature after three molts ( The number 3 , The number 4 ) and become adults about 7 days after hatching.
*Adults:* The adult louse is about the size of a sesame seed, has 6 legs (each with claws), and is tan to grayish-white The number 5 . In persons with dark hair, the adult louse will appear darker. Females are usually larger than males and can lay up to 8 nits per day. Adult lice can live up to 30 days on a person’s head. To live, adult lice need to feed on blood several times daily. Without blood meals, the louse will die within 1 to 2 days off the host.
3aii)
- it's bites can cause severe irritation
- heavy louse infestation can lead to restlessness
- Emaciation or loss of weight
- the sores may create room for pathogens to attack the animal
- Scratching for the bites results to sores
- heavy louse infestation can cause death
(3aiii)
- isolate infected animals
- Avoid overcrowding of animals
- maintain good sanitation
- spray the animal host with insecticides
- Regular dipping of animals in solutions containing ascaricides
(3aiv)
- poultry
- goat
- dog
- sheep
- cattle
- pig
(3bi)
- cattle
- Sheep
(3bii)
Protozoa (Eimeria spp)
(3biii)
- blood stained diarrhoea
- weakness
- Emaciation
- Anaemia
(3biv)
- change of litter after some time
- vaccination should be regular
- maintain good sanitary measures
- apply coccidiastat to their drinking water
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4a) Artificial pasture refers to an area of land covered with forage grasses and legumes which are deliberately planted by man.
4b)
i) extend the growing season of a pasture
ii) increase the organic matter content of the soil over time because of grass root systems
iii) reduce weed encroachment
iv) reduce erosion
v) produce higher yields
vi) improve the palatability
4ci)
Choose any three
(1) village systems
(2) extensive systems
(3) semi-intensive systems
(4) very intensive
(5) integration
5b)
Zebu cattle are usually red or grey in colour
They are horned
They have loose skin
They have large ears and have a hump above their shoulders.
This breed is used for its milk, meat and as draft animals
5c)
Choose any five
the regulation of body temperature
growth
digestion
reproduction
metabolism
lubrication of joints excretion
eyesight
(6a)
ADVANTAGES:
(i) Castration reduces male aggression and thereby makes males easier to
handle.
(ii) There is a risk of unwanted matings if there are uncastrated males on the farm, other than those required for breeding.
(iii) Due apparently to traditional butchers' prejudices, castrated male meat is marketed higher than that of uncastrated meats.
(iv) Performance and conversion rates can be itnpr<>ved by castration.
(v) It helps in preventing production of unwanted or undesirable offspring
DISADVANTAGES:
(i) The cheaper methods of castration; which the farmer can do himself,require a degree of skill. With such methods there is a risk of infection.
(ii) The alternative, of calling in a veterinary surgeon, adds to costs.
(c) Castration involves somne time.
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