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*2022 NABTEB AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANSWERS*
(1a)
(i) Implements and Machinery.
(ii) Tranport Network.
(iii) Animal and Plant Breeding.
(iv) Provision of Storage Facilities.
(v) Development of Fertilizers.
(vi) Development of Farm Management System.
(1b)
(i) Tax Advantages.
(ii) Cash Flow Opportunities.
(iii) Equity Appreciation.
(iv) Favorable Financing Rates.
(1c)
(i) Plough.
(ii) Harrows.
(iii) Ridgers.
(iv) Planters.
(v) Cultivators.
(iv) Aquaculture is the act of rearing selected species of fish, shrimps, crabs e.t.c under scientific-controlled conditions in closed bodies of water such as ponds, streams and rivers where they feed, grow, breed and are harvested for consumption or for sale.
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(3ai)
[UNDER SOIL REQUIREMENTS]
Maize requires a temperature of 26°C - 30°C, rainfall of between 75cm - 150cm per annum and a well drained sandy loamy soil of pH 6-7.
(3aii)
[UNDER METHOD OF PROPAGATION]
Miaze is propagated by seeds. The maize seed can be planted manually by stuck or cutlass, or mechanically by planter.
(3aiii)
[UNDER PLANTING DATE]
Early maize is planted between March/April and Late maize is July/August. Maize (early or late) is also planted depending on location and rainfall.
(3aiv)
[UNDER SEEDRATE]
The Quantity of seeds required to plant one hectare of land is 25kg - 30kg/hectare; two to three seeds are also recommended per hole. Quantity of seeds used usually depends on spacing or plant population desired.
(3av)
[UNDER THREE METHOD OF HAVESTING]
(i) Hand Harvesting.
(ii) Harvesting with hand Tools such as sickle.
(iii) Harvesting with Machinery such as corn picker or harvester.
(3b)
(i) Cultural Control: This involves the use of Crop Rotation, resistant varieties, tillage practices, regular weeding, fallowing timeliness of planting e.t.c to control or prevent disease.
(ii) Biological Control: This involves the use of natural enemies of dieases to reduce or totally eliminate the diseases.
(iii) Chemical Control: This involves the use of chemicals such as fungicides, nematicides and incesticides to dust or spray plant materials in order to prevent or control plant diseases.
(iv) Plant Quarantine: This involves the legal restriction on the movement of agricultural commodities for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or delay in the establishment of plant diseases in areas where they are not known to occur.
(v) Physical Control: This Involves the physical removal of infected crop or plant.
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(4a)
(i) Progeny Selection: This are animals that are selected on the performance of their progeny or offspring. Mothers of the the best performing are retained while the mothers of offspring that do not perform well are discarded.
(ii) Pedigree Selection: Animals are selected or rejected on the basics of performance of their ancestors. This selection is based on the belief that ancestors have passed on their traits to the animals being considered and so the animal is likely to perform equally or even better than the ancestors.
(iii) Inbreeding: Inbreeding Is Defined As the Mating Of Animals More Closely Related Than The Average Relationship Within The Breed Or Population Concerned.
(iv) Outbreeding: Outbreeding Refers To Matings Between Individuals Or Stock From Different Populations, Sub-species Or Species.
(4b)
(i) There is lack of land because it requires large area and therefore not good for commercial purposes.
(ii) When badly managed, it may result in the accumulation of germs and parasites.
(iii) It exposes the birds to extreme weather conditions.
(4c)
(i) Capon: A Capon is a castrated male fowl.
(ii) Broiler: A Broiler is a fowl reared for meat.
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6a)
apiculture can be defined as the art of rearing, breeding and managing honey bee colony in artificial hives for economic gains through the production of honey and other bee products for man's use.
b)
1. Provide sufficient shade, under trees or artificial structure
2. Increase RH and reduce heat by Sprinkling water twice a day on gunny bag or rice straw put on hive.
3. Increase ventilation by introducing a splinter between brood and super chamber
4. Provide sugar syrup, pollen supplement, substitute and water
5. Avoid dampness in apiary site and Provide proper drainage
c)
1. Close season: This is a regulation in which no fishing is permitted to take place for a given period of time. This allows the smaller fishes to grow and mature.
2. Population control: This involves the use of other fish types like claries (catfish) to eat up tilapia or early harvesting to prevent over population.
3. Regular stocking: This involves the addition of compactable species of fish to increase the population of fishes in water.
4. Protection of territorial waters: No vessels (except canoes) shall fish within the first two nautical miles of the water of the Nigerian continental shelf.
5. Certification for consumption: There should be certification that fishes to be sold to the public are safe for human consumption.
6. Prohibition of dumping toxic materials: The dumping of toxic materials or industrial wastes should be prohibited in fishing areas or water.
d)
Crop improvement refers to the ways of developing and breeding of crop varieties which are better than the pre-existing cultivars in a number of characters like taste, height, colour, etc. for a better yield.
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