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SOLUTIONS
(5ai)
Phenotype refers to the observable and measurable characteristics of an organism as a result of the interaction of the genes of the organism, environmental factors, and random variation.
(5aii)
Chromosomes are the thread-like structure present in the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Chromosomes are the vehicle that carries DNA wrapped around by the histone proteins.
(5aiii)
Hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.
(5aiv)
gamete is the mature reproductive or sex cell that contains a haploid number of chromosomes and is capable of fusing with another haploid reproductive cell to form a diploid zygote.
(5av)
Filial generation is a generation in a breeding experiment that is successive to a mating between parents of two distinctively different but usually relatively pure genotypes
(5b) 👇👇👇
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(i) It helps to reduce or neutralize soil acidity.
(ii) Lime application helps to increase the activities of soil living organism.
(iii) Liming makes nutrients like calcium and phosphorus more readily available for tissue development.
(iv) Lime increases the rate of water percolation in clay soil.
(v) It reduces turbidity in fish ponds through floculation property.
(5c) 👇👇👇👇
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(i) They reduce the growth of host animals.
(ii) High infestation can affect the respiration of host animals.
(iii) It causes indigestion and constipation.
(iv) It results in loss of appetite, weakness and may result in death.
(v) It destroys many of the organs during the migration of the young worms.
FOR NIGERIA AND GAMBIA
FOR NIGERIA AND GAMBIA
(2ai) Irrigation is defined as the artificial or manmade application of water to soil or land for farming purposes. OR Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to supplement insufficient rainfall.
(2aii)
(i) It increases crop productivity vir crop yield.
(ii) Irrigation provides humid environment for the breeding of pest and pathogens of crops.
(iii) It assists in facilitating crop production all year round.
(iv) It soften the soil for east tillage operation.
(v) It also cools the soil by reducing the soil temperature during the dry season when the soil temperature I very high. Plant growth is thus improved.
(2aiii)
{UNDER USE OF SPRINKLERS}
(i) The amount of water supplied is regulated.
(ii) It economizes the use of water.
(iii) it is costly to construct and operate.
{UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATION}
(i) The volume of water, especially in flooding, may be difficult to control.
(ii) It removes excess water caused by heavy rainfall especially in heavy soils.
(iii) It is easier to construct and operate.
(4ai)
soil requirements; The most important aspect of the soil for banana plants is that it must be well-draining. Any soil that holds water can quickly kill a banana tree. This means that the soil you use to plant your banana tree should include loamy, sandy soil , not fine sand that clings together, but larger grains that drain easily.
(4aii)
Land Preparation; Clearing of the land which is followed by stumping and maklng of ridges or heaps. It can also be done mechanically through ploughing, harrowing and riding.
(4aiii)
method of propagation; Banana is propagated by vegetative means any time from April to September. Dig a hole and plant the sucker with ball .of earth. The hole should be 60cm x 600m. The holes are filled with soil mixed with organic matter.
(4aiv)
Fertilizer requirements; Apply Muriate of potash 25kg/ha by ring method at regular intervals.
(4av)
(i)Banana aphid.
(ii)Banana flower thrips.
(4avi)
(i)Stem Borer; The larvae of some insects bore into and destroy the tissue of the plant.
(ii)Nematode; It makes the root of banana to grow galls or knots, leading to poor growth.
(4avii)
Harvesting: A bunch of banana is harvested when the fruit is severed from the bunch stalk by using cutlass. At times the pseudo-stem is cut until the tree falls.
(4b)
(i)Many chicks can be hatched at a time in a short while.
(ii)Another thing is that it is possible to plan when to hatch the chicks unlike with the hen one may not know when it can sit for the eggs.
(iii)Artificial incubation cannot spread parasites and diseases to the chicks and lastly there is no cost for feeding a broody hen since an incubator is used.
(iv)Chances of eggs spoilage are minimized since all eggs are subjected to the optimal hatching temperatures.
(v) There are no chances of the hen damaging eggs through pecking, a common occurrence with natural incubation.
(4c)
(i)cuttings
(ii)layering
(iii)division
(iv)budding and grafting.
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