Solutions
*WAEC GCE GEOGRAPHY*
*NUMBER ONE*
(1a)
(i) Agricultural products , Example: Coffee beans
(ii) Manufactured goods, Example: Textiles
(1b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Access to foreign markets: International trade allows developing countries to expand their markets beyond domestic borders and access new customers and markets.
(ii) Economic growth: Trade can stimulate economic growth by creating new opportunities for employment, investment, and innovation.
(iii) Diversification of the economy: International trade allows countries to diversify their sources of income by trading different types of goods and services.
(iv) Acquisition of technology and know-how: Trade provides developing countries with the opportunity to acquire advanced technology and knowledge from more developed nations.
(v) Specialization: International trade enables countries to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.
(vi) Foreign exchange: Trade allows countries to earn foreign exchange by exporting goods and services, which can be used to finance imports, investment, and development.
(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Limited infrastructure: Developing countries often face challenges related to inadequate transportation, communication, and energy infrastructure, which can hinder trade activities.
(ii) Trade barriers and protectionism: Developing countries may face barriers to their exports in the form of tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers, imposed by more developed countries.
(iii) Lack of access to finance: Limited access to finance and credit can hamper the ability of developing countries to engage in international trade.
(iv) Political instability and corruption: Political instability and corruption can create an unfavorable business environment, discouraging foreign investment and trade.
(v) Lack of technical capabilities: Developing countries may lack the technical capabilities and expertise needed to meet international quality and safety standards, limiting their ability to compete in global markets.
(vi) Dependence on primary commodity exports: Many developing countries heavily rely on the export of primary commodities such as agriculture or minerals, making them vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices and market demands.
*WAEC GCE GEOGRAPHY*
*NUMBER TWO*
(2a)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Availability of raw materials: Industries tend to locate close to sources of raw materials to minimize transportation costs and delays. For example, a steel manufacturing industry would ideally be located near iron ore mines.
(ii) Access to transportation: Industries require efficient transportation networks to move raw materials to the factory and finished products to the market. Therefore, proximity to ports, railroads, highways, and airports is crucial.
(iii) Availability of labor: The availability of skilled and unskilled labor is an important factor in industrial location decisions. Industries often locate in areas with a large and qualified workforce to ensure a steady supply of workers.
(iv) Energy availability and cost: Industries require a reliable energy supply, and the availability and cost of energy can influence their choice of location. Access to affordable and stable energy sources, such as electricity or natural gas, is essential for manufacturing operations.
(v) Market proximity: Industries often locate near their target markets to reduce transportation costs and respond quickly to customer demands. Being close to customers can also enable faster delivery times and better customer service.
(vi) Government policies and incentives: Government policies and incentives can play a significant role in deciding industrial locations. Governments may offer tax breaks, grants, or other incentives to attract industries to specific regions or sectors. Industries may consider these incentives when choosing a location.
(2b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Agricultural processing: Many manufacturing industries in tropical African countries focus on processing agricultural products such as cocoa, coffee, and palm oil. These industries add value to raw materials and contribute to the local economy.
(ii) Textile and apparel: Textile and apparel manufacturing is a common industry in tropical African countries. These industries utilize local cotton and produce garments and textiles for domestic and international markets.
(iii) Building materials: Manufacturing industries in tropical African countries often produce building materials like cement, bricks, and roofing materials. These industries support the construction sector and contribute to infrastructure development in the region.
(iv) Food and beverage processing: Tropical African countries have rich agricultural resources, and manufacturing industries in this sector focus on processing and packaging food and beverages for local consumption and export.
(v) Automotive assembly: Some tropical African countries have automotive assembly plants that import car parts and assemble them locally. This industry provides job opportunities and contributes to the local economy.
(vi) Pharmaceuticals: Tropical African countries have a growing pharmaceutical industry that focuses on the production of drugs and medicines. These industries contribute to improving healthcare access in the region and support local economies.
(3a)
(i) Hamlets: These are the smallest type of rural settlements, usually consisting of a small cluster of houses, often with fewer than 100 inhabitants.
(ii) Villages: Villages are larger than hamlets and comprise more houses and people, typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand residents.
(3b)
(i) Food and Agriculture: Rural settlements are essential for food production. They supply urban areas with agricultural products such as grains, fruits, vegetables, and livestock. Urban centers depend on rural areas for a consistent supply of food to sustain their populations.
(ii) Raw Materials: Rural areas provide raw materials to urban industries. Resources like timber, minerals, water, and various natural resources are often extracted or produced in rural regions and transported to urban areas for processing and manufacturing.
(iii) Labor Force: Rural populations contribute to the urban labor force. People from rural settlements often migrate to cities in search of employment opportunities. The urban economy relies on this influx of workers to fill various job sectors, including construction, services, manufacturing, and more.
(iv) Ecosystem Services: Rural areas provide vital ecosystem services that benefit urban settlements. These include clean water sources, air purification, carbon sequestration, and recreational spaces. Urban areas depend on these services provided by rural landscapes for their overall well-being and sustainability.
(3c)
(i) Natural Resources: Settlements often grow around areas abundant in natural resources like fertile land for agriculture, water sources, minerals, forests, or energy sources. Access to these resources can attract people and promote settlement growth.
(ii) Transportation Networks: Proximity to transportation routes such as rivers, coastlines, roads, or railways facilitates the movement of people and goods. Settlements located at key transportation junctions tend to grow due to easier access to trade and communication.
(iii) Economic Opportunities: Places offering various job opportunities, whether in agriculture, industry, services, or trade, attract people seeking employment. Settlements experiencing economic growth tend to draw more inhabitants and expand in size.
(iv) Government Policies and Investments: Government initiatives, infrastructure development, investment in public services (like healthcare, education, and utilities), and supportive policies can stimulate settlement growth by making areas more attractive and livable.
(v) Social and Cultural Factors: Social and cultural amenities, such as access to education, healthcare, cultural institutions, and a vibrant community life, can encourage people to settle and raise families in specific areas, leading to the growth of settlements. Additionally, factors like security, social stability, and quality of life also play a role in settlement growth.
(5a)
(i) Strain on infrastructure: Rapid population growth in Nigeria may lead to increased pressure on infrastructure, such as transportation, healthcare, and utilities.
(ii) Unemployment: The expanding population may outpace job opportunities, resulting in higher unemployment rates and economic challenges.
(iii) Resource scarcity: Rapid population growth can contribute to increased demand for resources, potentially leading to shortages of essential goods and services.
(iv) Environmental degradation: Overpopulation may strain ecosystems, leading to deforestation, pollution, and other environmental issues.
(v) Social unrest: Rapid population growth can exacerbate social issues, potentially causing tensions, conflicts, or unrest in communities.
(5b)
(i) Environmental challenges: The Niger Delta's complex and sensitive ecosystem, including swamps and mangroves, may discourage dense human settlement.
(ii) Oil industry impact: The dominant oil industry in the Niger Delta region has led to environmental degradation, making some areas less suitable for habitation.
(iii) Insecurity: Historical conflicts related to resource control and ethnic tensions may contribute to a lower population density due to safety concerns.
(iv) Limited infrastructure: Insufficient development of basic amenities and infrastructure in some parts of the Niger Delta may deter population growth.
(v) Geographical factors: The region's topography, including rivers and water bodies, may limit accessibility and settlement, contributing to low population density.
*WAEC GCE GEOGRAPHY*
*NUMBER SIX*
(6a)
Check the diagram below
(6b)
(i) Grassland: The Savanna vegetation in Nigeria is predominantly made up of grasses. These grasses are adapted to the dry and hot conditions of the region.
(ii) Scattered trees: The Savanna is characterized by scattered trees, which are usually short and widely spaced. These trees provide shade and shelter for animals.
(iii) Drought resistance: The Savanna vegetation has adapted to the dry climate of Nigeria by having deep root systems and the ability to tolerate drought conditions.
(iv) Seasonal changes: The Savanna experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, the vegetation becomes lush and green, while during the dry season, the grasses become brown and dormant.
(6c)
(i) Biodiversity: The Savanna supports a diverse range of plant and animal species. It provides habitats for various wildlife, including elephants, lions, giraffes, and antelopes, contributing to the country's rich biodiversity.
(ii) Livelihoods: The Savanna vegetation plays a crucial role in supporting the livelihoods of many Nigerians. It provides grazing land for livestock, which is an important source of income for pastoral communities.
(iii) Agriculture: The Savanna is also used for agricultural purposes. Farmers cultivate crops such as millet, sorghum, and groundnuts in the Savanna region, contributing to food production and economic development.
Post a Comment